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Home : Referate Engleza : Atestat - engleza

Atestat - engleza

Indoors – In its simplest form the medieval Londoner’s house was a squalid, unhealthy hovel. Built of timber and clay, as we have seen, it would probably have no more than two rooms. The floor would be of beaten earth, perhaps strewn with rushes. In winter it would be cold, damp, and smelly; in summer hot and smelly. If it had a fire at all, it would be in a clay-lined depression or on a slab of stone in the floor, the smoke having to escape as best it could through the thatch.

Sanitary arrangements were primitive and consisted at most of a rudimentary earth closet; but many of the citizens had to use the public latrines provided in each ward. Such animals as the householder might own would share the “comforts” of the home with the family.

The furniture would hardly compete with what a modern camper- and a stoic at that – would consider the absolute minimum; a trestle table, a wooden bench, a couple of stools, the beds mere ledges with straw-filled palliasses. One can imagine with what joy the medieval family would welcome the end of winter and the approach of spring, with the prospect of escape from these miserable surroundings into the fresh air.

In the better- class town houses one might find wooden floors and in the wealthiest even stone paving or tiles. Furniture would include a few wooden chairs and stools, and probably big chests both for seating and for storing household vgoods. Rushes would still be strewn on the floor, unless the owners were able to afford an imported rug or two.

The wooden bed- frames would have a criss- cross mesh of rope netting to support the feather mattresses, and for the richer a four- poster canopy with hangings would help to keep out the injurions night air after bedtime.
In the poorer houses wooden platters and bowls would be used at tables with the minimum of cutlery- the normal eating implements in most homes were knives and fingers.

The middle- class Londoner would use pewter plafes and mugs, and perhaps a spoon made of cow’s horn. His wife might also be the proud possesor of a piece or two of glazed eartheaware- but one imagines this would be kept “for best”. There are some examples of green glaze and of brown and yellow slipware in the Guildhall Museum.